UK Home Office accused of using AI hallucinated evidence to deny asylum seekers

Here’s a sentence that should terrify anyone building AI systems for institutional use: a UK court just compared AI-generated evidence used in an asylum case to “bogus evidence.” The Upper Tribunal couldn’t even find the document the Home Office cited, which is the legal equivalent of turning in a book report on a novel that doesn’t exist. What actually happened UK Upper Tribunal judges reviewing an immigration case found that a document cited by the Home Office simply could not be located. Not misfiled. Not redacted. Not buried in bureaucratic limbo. It apparently didn’t exist. The tribunal’s response was blunt, calling the reliance on this phantom document “analogous to relying on bogus evidence.” This wasn’t an isolated incident either. Between 2025 and 2026, multiple rulings from the Upper Tribunal addressed fictitious case citations generated by AI systems, including ChatGPT and Google’s AI Mode, appearing in asylum and immigration filings prepared by legal representatives. The tribunal also ruled that uploading Home Office decision letters to open-source AI tools like ChatGPT waives confidentiality and legal privilege. By July 2026, the Crown Prosecution Service had issued ap...